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File051 - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement2023-062025-03

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-051
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
051 - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement
Duration: 2023-06 - 2025-03
Researcher(s):
Neil Dagnall, Kenneth Drinkwater
Institution(s): Health, Psychology and Communities, Manchester Metropolitan University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Drinkwater, K.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Paranormal belief / Psychological adjustment / Positive psychology / Well-being / Parapsychology
File195 - Accuracy and neural correlates of blinded mediumship: A large-scale replication2024-10

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-195
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
195 - Accuracy and neural correlates of blinded mediumship: A large-scale replication
Duration: 2024-10
Researcher(s):
Arnaud Delorme
Institution(s): Institute of Noetic Sciences, California (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Language: eng
Notes:
Ongoing project
Author: Delorme, A.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Mediumship / Electroencephalography / Paranormal belief / Online / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology
DocumentExamining the relationship between metacognitive trust in thinking styles and supernatural beliefs2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-380
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
380 - Using Neural Stimulation to Modulate Paranormal Beliefs
Duration: 2015-12 - 2017-10
Researcher(s):
Miguel Farias, Ute Kreplin
Institution(s): Coventry University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress reports
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Farias, M.
Secondary author(s):
Kreplin, U.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Paranormal Beliefs / Brain Stimulation / Cognitive Inhibition / Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-380.03
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Examining the relationship between metacognitive trust in thinking styles and supernatural beliefs
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12961
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Conflicting findings have emerged from research on the relationship between thinking styles and supernatural beliefs. In two studies, we examined this relationship through meta-cognitive trust and developed a new: (1) experimental manipulation, a short scientific article describing the benefits of thinking styles: (2) trust in thinking styles measure, the Ambiguous Decisions task; and (3) supernatural belief measure, the Belief in Psychic Ability scale. In Study 1 (N = 415) we found differences in metacognitive trust in thinking styles between the analytical and intuitive condition, and overall greater trust in analytical thinking. We also found stronger correlations between thinking style measures (in particular intuitive thinking) and psychic ability and paranormal beliefs than with religious beliefs, but a mixed-effect linear regression showed little to no variation in how measures of thinking style related to types of supernatural beliefs. In Study 2, we replicated Study 1 with participants from the United States, Canada, and Brazil (N = 802), and found similar results, with the Brazilian participants showing a reduced emphasis on analytical thinking. We conclude that our new design, task, and scale may be particularly useful for dual-processing research on supernatural belief.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
van Mulukom, V.
Secondary author(s):
Baimel, A., Maraldi, E., Farias, M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
van Mulukom, V., Baimel, A., Maraldi, E., & Farias, M. (2024). Examining the relationship between metacognitive trust in thinking styles and supernatural beliefs. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 65(2), 206–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12961
2-year Impact Factor: 2.1|2024
Times cited: 1|2025-09-26
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Dual-processing / Meta-cognition / Paranormal belief / Religious belief / Thinking styles / Trust

Examining the relationship between metacognitive trust in thinking styles and supernatural beliefs

Examining the relationship between metacognitive trust in thinking styles and supernatural beliefs
DocumentFinal report - Large-scale online testing of psi abilities to identify and test talented individuals2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-360
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
360 - Large scale online testing of psi abilities to identify and test talented individuals
Duration: 2021-04 - 2024-11
Researcher(s):
Arnaud Delorme
Institution(s): Institute of Noetic Sciences, Petaluma (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Article
Language: eng
Author:
Delorme, A.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Psi / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Talent / Online / Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-360.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - Large-scale online testing of psi abilities to identify and test talented individuals
Publication year: 2024
Abstract/Results:
Abstract:
Background: Identifying psi talent may be critical in producing robust, statistically significant results in psi research. To achieve this aim, we need to test a large number of participants and test them again to assess if the results are reproducible.
Aims: The project has three aims: 1) develop and integrate various psi tasks into a single online platform; 2) develop sophisticated ways of analyzing the data to identify talents; 3) assess test-retest scores of talents to ensure exceptional performance is consistent.
Methods: We collected a large sample online to increase robustness by aggregating psi data over large groups of participants by finding psi talent, a method that was successfully used in the 1970s. We tested participants on 8 online games: a quick remote viewing game, a long remote viewing game, a dowsing game, three card games, a telekinesis bubble game, and a
lottery game. We also assessed test-retest reliability.
Results: We successfully collected data on more than 1000 participants in the first phase of the project and tested again 50 participants in the top 200 participants of phase 1. During the retests, we observed some significant results for the quick remote viewing (p=0.02) game and bubble games (p=0.03), although these results did not survive correction for multiple comparisons.
Conclusion: Although after correction for multiple comparisons, none of the retests was significant, a significant trend suggests some of the psi tasks could identify psi talents that have stable performance in a test and retest protocol.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Delorme, A.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Delorme, A. (2024). Large-scale online testing of psi abilities to identify and test talented individuals.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Psi / Extrasensory perception / Paranormal belief / Online

Final report - Large-scale online testing of psi abilities to identify and test talented individuals

Final report - Large-scale online testing of psi abilities to identify and test talented individuals
DocumentCognitive styles and psi: psi researchers are more similar to skeptics than to lay believers2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-212
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
212 - Comparing cognitive styles among parapsychology researchers, psi-believers, and skeptics
Duration: 2021-03 - 2023-12
Researcher(s):
Marieta Pehlivanova, Bruce Greyson
Institution(s): Division of Perceptual Studies - DOPS, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Pehlivanova, M.
Secondary author(s):
Greyson, B.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Psi belief / Cognitive style / Parapsychologists / Skeptics / Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-212.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Cognitive styles and psi: psi researchers are more similar to skeptics than to lay believers
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1398121
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Belief in psi, which includes psychic phenomena such as extra-sensory perception and post-mortem survival, is widespread yet controversial. According to one of the leading and perhaps most tested hypotheses, high belief in psi can be explained by differences in various aspects of cognition, including cognitive styles. Most of this research has been conducted with lay individuals. Here, we tested the hypothesis that academic researchers who investigate psi may exhibit different cognitive styles than lay individuals interested in psi, and are more similar to skeptics.
Methods: We measured two cognitive styles—actively open-minded thinking (AOT) and the need for closure (NFC)—and assessed differences among four heterogeneous groups regarding belief in psi and involvement in related research. Specifically, our study included academic psi researchers (N = 44), lay individuals who believe in psi (N = 32), academics who are skeptics of psi (N = 35), and lay individuals who are skeptics (N = 33).
Results: We found group differences in AOT (p = 0.003) but not in NFC scores (p = 0.67). Post hoc tests showed no significant difference in AOT scores between academics who conduct psi research (4.5 ± 0.3) and academic skeptics (4.5 ± 0.3; p = 0.91) or lay skeptics (4.5 ± 0.4; p = 0.80). The lay psi group had significantly lower AOT scores (4.2 ± 0.4) than the other three groups (ps: 0.005–0.04), indicating a decreased willingness to consider a range of evidence when forming an opinion, including evidence that challenges their beliefs. AOT was negatively associated with psi belief in the two skeptic groups combined (r = -0.29, p = 0.01), but not in the psi groups (r = -0.03, p = 0.78).
Discussion: Our research shows that academics who work with psi differ from lay psi individuals, but not from skeptics, in actively open-minded thinking. In other words, despite their high belief in psi phenomena, psi researchers demonstrate a commitment to sound reasoning about evidence that is no different from that of skeptics.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Pehlivanova, M.
Secondary author(s):
Pehlivanova, M., Pehlivanova, M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Pehlivanova, M., Pehlivanova, M., & Pehlivanova, M. (2024). Cognitive styles and psi: psi researchers are more similar to skeptics than to lay believers. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1398121
2-year Impact Factor: 2.9|2024
Times cited: 1|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: paranormal belief / actively open-minded thinking / need for closure / scientific thinking / reasoning

Cognitive styles and psi: psi researchers are more similar to skeptics than to lay believers

Cognitive styles and psi: psi researchers are more similar to skeptics than to lay believers
DocumentVariations in positive well-being as a function of the interaction between paranormal belief and schizotypy2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-051
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
051 - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement
Duration: 2023-06 - 2025-03
Researcher(s):
Neil Dagnall, Kenneth Drinkwater
Institution(s): Health, Psychology and Communities, Manchester Metropolitan University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Drinkwater, K.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Paranormal belief / Psychological adjustment / Positive psychology / Well-being / Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-051.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Variations in positive well-being as a function of the interaction between paranormal belief and schizotypy
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1396485
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
This study examined variations in positive well-being as a function of paranormal belief and schizotypy. A sample of 2,362 United Kingdom-based respondents completed self-report measures assessing paranormal belief, schizotypy, positive well-being (meaning in life, satisfaction with life, and self-esteem), paranormal experience, and belief in conspiracies. The paranormal belief was most strongly related to the cognitive-perceptual factor of schizotypy. Both paranormal belief and the cognitive-perceptual factor were associated with reporting paranormal experiences and endorsement of conspiracist beliefs. Despite commonality, paranormal belief and schizotypy were differentially related to well-being. Paranormal belief correlated positively with meaning in life (presence and search) and satisfaction with life. Schizotypy correlated negatively with presence, satisfaction with life, and self-esteem and positively with search. Latent profile analysis identified four subgroups: Profile 1, low belief and schizotypy (49% of the sample); Profile 2, low belief and cognitive-perceptual, moderate interpersonal and disorganised (13.6%); Profile 3, high belief, moderate cognitive-perceptual and interpersonal, low disorganised (24.3%); and Profile 4, high belief and schizotypy (13.1%). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) found that low belief with mixed schizotypy was associated with lower presence, and low belief and schizotypy (vs. high) were related to higher presence. Paranormal belief and schizotypy were associated with greater search, higher scores on paranormal experiential factors, and endorsement of generic conspiracist beliefs. Finally, lower belief and schizotypy were concomitant with higher satisfaction with life and self-esteem. Overall, paranormal belief was related to positive well-being, whereas schizotypy was associated with lower positive wellbeing.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Drinkwater, K. G., Denovan, A., Gascón, A. E.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K. G., Denovan, A., & Gascón, A. E. (2024). Variations in positive well-being as a function of the interaction between paranormal belief and schizotypy. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1396485. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1396485
2-year Impact Factor: 2.9|2024
Times cited: 5|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Belief in conspiracies / Latent profile analysis / Paranormal belief / Paranormal experience / Schizotypy / Well-being

Variations in positive well-being as a function of the interaction between paranormal belief and schizotypy

Variations in positive well-being as a function of the interaction between paranormal belief and schizotypy
DocumentSensory processing sensitivity, transliminality, and boundary-thinness as predictors of anomalous experiences, beliefs, and abilities2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-048
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
048 - Investigating the relationship between sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), anomalous experiences, and precognitive performance
Duration: 2021-12 - 2025-06
Researcher(s):
Elizabeth Roxburgh, David Vernon, Malcolm Schofield
Institution(s): Psychology Department, Canterbury Christ Church University (UK); University of Derby (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Roxburgh, E. C.
Secondary author(s):
Vernon, D., Schofield, M.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Sensory processing sensitivity / Highly sensitive person / Transliminality / Boundary thinness / Parapsychology and Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-048.03
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Sensory processing sensitivity, transliminality, and boundary-thinness as predictors of anomalous experiences, beliefs, and abilities
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06619-9
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Individual differences are among the most studied correlates of anomalous experiences and beliefs (AEs), but few have focussed on personality measures specifically defined by sensitivity. Of interest in this study is the personality trait of Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS), characterised by aesthetic sensitivity, being easily overwhelmed by internal and external stimuli, emotional reactivity and empathy, and deeper processing. An online survey investigated the relationship between SPS, and other personality constructs, in part, defined by sensitivity (transliminality and boundary-thinness) with anomalous experiences, beliefs, and abilities. Two hundred participants (mean age = 32.23; 151 females, 41 males, 6 non-binary and 2 preferred not to say) completed the Revised Transliminality Scale, the Boundary Questionnaire Short-Form, the Highly Sensitive Person Scale - Brief Version (measuring SPS), the Anomalous Experiences Inventory, and open-ended questions on SPS and AEs. There were significant and positive correlations between all four variables. Both transliminality and boundary thinness positively predicted anomalous beliefs with transliminality being the stronger, however, only transliminality predicted anomalous experiences and abilities. The findings suggest a relationship between SPS and anomalous experience and belief, but this is mediated by transliminality and boundary thinness.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Roxburgh, E. C.
Secondary author(s):
Vernon, D., Schofield, M. B.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Roxburgh, E. C., Vernon, D., & Schofield, M. B. (2024). Sensory processing sensitivity, transliminality, and boundary-thinness as predictors of anomalous experiences, beliefs, and abilities. Current Psychology, 43, 30098–30106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06619-9
2-year Impact Factor: 2.6|2024
Times cited: 3|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Anomalous experiences / Boundary-thinness / Highly sensitive person / Paranormal belief / Sensory processing sensitivity / Transliminality

Sensory processing sensitivity, transliminality, and boundary-thinness as predictors of anomalous experiences, beliefs, and abilities

Sensory processing sensitivity, transliminality, and boundary-thinness as predictors of anomalous experiences, beliefs, and abilities
DocumentRe-evaluation of the relationship between paranormal belief and perceived stress using statistical modelling2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-123
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
123 - A latent profile analysis and structural equation modelling of paranormal belief, psychopathological symptoms, and well-being
Duration: 2021-02 - 2023-04
Researcher(s):
Neil Dagnall, Andrew Denovan
Institution(s): Health, Psychology and Communities, Manchester Metropolitan University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Denovan, A.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Paranormal belief / Psychopathology / Well-being / Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-123.06
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Re-evaluation of the relationship between paranormal belief and perceived stress using statistical modelling
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312511
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Recent research indicates that paranormal belief, in the absence of allied cognitive-perceptual and psychopathology-related factors, is not associated with negative wellbeing outcomes. However, investigators have historically reported relationships between specific facets of belief (e.g., superstition) and stress vulnerability. These typically derive from the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale (RPBS), which has questionable psychometric integrity. The main issue being that several RPBS items perform poorly. Noting this, the present paper re-examined the relationship between paranormal belief and stress using the Rasch purified version of the RPBS. This comprises two dimensions, called Traditional Paranormal Belief (TPB) and New Age Philosophy (NAP). These are operationalised in terms of function. Specifically, whether belief provides a sense of control at the social (TPB) or individual level (NAP). Accordingly, this study examined whether TPB and NAP were differentially predictive of levels of perceived stress. In this context, stress served as an indicator of well-being. A sample of 3084 participants (Mage = 50.31, SD = 15.20, range 18-91) completed the RPBS alongside the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling revealed that TPB was significantly predictive of higher Distress, and lower Coping. NAP was neither predictive of Distress nor Coping. These findings support the notion that TPB is attendant with external control, particularly the notion that unknown supernatural forces/powers influence existence.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Drinkwater, K. G.
Secondary author(s):
Denovan, A., Dagnall, N.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Drinkwater, K. G., Denovan, A., & Dagnall, N. (2024). Re-evaluation of the relationship between paranormal belief and perceived stress using statistical modelling. PloS ONE, 19(11), e0312511. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312511
2-year Impact Factor: 2.6|2024
Times cited: 1|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Statistical modelling / Paranormal belief / Stress

Re-evaluation of the relationship between paranormal belief and perceived stress using statistical modelling

Re-evaluation of the relationship between paranormal belief and perceived stress using statistical modelling
File106 - Personal affective evaluation of paranormal belief and positive (hedonic & eudaemonic) wellbeing2025-06

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2024
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2024 Grants
Start date: 2025-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2024-106
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
106 - Personal affective evaluation of paranormal belief and positive (hedonic & eudaemonic) wellbeing
Duration: 2025-06
Researcher(s):
Neil Dagnall, Rob Demsey
Institution(s): School of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Language: eng
Notes:
Ongoing project
Author: Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Demsey, R.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Paranormal belief / Wellbeing / Salutogenic / Positive psychology / Parapsychology
DocumentFinal report - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-051
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
051 - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement
Duration: 2023-06 - 2025-03
Researcher(s):
Neil Dagnall, Kenneth Drinkwater
Institution(s): Health, Psychology and Communities, Manchester Metropolitan University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Drinkwater, K.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Paranormal belief / Psychological adjustment / Positive psychology / Well-being / Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-051.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement
Publication year: 2025
Abstract/Results:
ABSTRACT:
Background
Currently, there exists limited research examining relationships between paranormal belief & positive wellbeing. Moreover, since extant studies typically employ qualitative analysis, use small samples and focus on specific types of belief they have restricted generality. Noting these factors, this project explored associations (direct and indirect) between paranormal belief & measures allied to positive wellbeing.
Aims
To identify differences in believers by creating profile that combine paranormal belief & schizotypy. Then develop & test models examining how the emergent profiles relate to positive wellbeing over a sustained period (6 months).
Method
This project comprised four published studies, which used cross sectional & longitudinal methods. These surveyed participants via online self-report measures. Alongside the Revised Paranormal Belief and Paranormal Involvement scales, participants completed measures of schizotypy & positive wellbeing (e.g., Life Satisfaction, Self-Esteem, Meaning in Life, Creativity, Social Identity, & Optimism). To differentiate paranormal from other forms of scientifically unsubstantiated beliefs the researchers also included a brief measure of conspiracy theory endorsement.
Results
The researchers used a range of statistical procedures: Latent profile analysis, sequential mediation (indirect effects), network analysis, and multiple points to examine relationships and assess model stability over time. Findings indicated that paranormal belief was positively associated with factors related to positive wellbeing (e.g. Optimism, Active Coping, Presence of Meaning in Life, Creativity, Self-Esteem, Life Satisfaction, & Social Identity) and that effects were consistent across multiple points. Additionally, positive outcomes balanced relationships with outcomes affiliated with reduced wellbeing (i.e., Search for Meaning in Life, Avoidant Coping, Pessimism, & Conspiracy Endorsement). Illustratively, paranormal belief related to both Presence and Search for Meaning in Life. This suggested that paranormal belief concurrently represents a reaction to and a mechanism for resolving existential insecurities.
Conclusions
Paranormal belief that facilitates positive cognitions and perceptions such as validating life meaning and increasing self-esteem facilitates positive wellbeing.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Drinkwater, K.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Dagnall, N., & Drinkwater, K. (2025). Final report - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Paranormal belief / Well-being / Psychological adjustment / Scientifically unsubstantiated beliefs / Multiple time point

Final report - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement

Final report - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement
DocumentParanormal belief and conspiracy theory endorsement: Variations in adaptive function and positive wellbeing2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-051
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
051 - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement
Duration: 2023-06 - 2025-03
Researcher(s):
Neil Dagnall, Kenneth Drinkwater
Institution(s): Health, Psychology and Communities, Manchester Metropolitan University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Drinkwater, K.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Paranormal belief / Psychological adjustment / Positive psychology / Well-being / Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-051.03
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Paranormal belief and conspiracy theory endorsement: Variations in adaptive function and positive wellbeing
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1519223
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Recent studies report that paranormal belief and conspiracy theory endorsement are differentially related to factors allied to positive wellbeing (e.g., meaning in life and coping behaviours). Since these findings derive from correlational studies using cross sectional designs, researchers need to undertake further investigation to establish outcome robustness. Accordingly, the present study used a multiple time point design. Respondents (N = 1,158) completed measures on three occasions, three months apart. While a strong positive association was found between paranormal belief and conspiracist theory endorsement, path analysis revealed divergent relationships with positive wellbeing outcomes. Specifically, paranormal belief predicted greater levels of positive wellbeing over time (meaning in life and social identity), whereas conspiracy theory endorsement predicted only social identity. Consideration of mediation effects revealed that paranormal belief prognosticated greater presence of meaning in life via links with active coping and positive outlook. Additionally, avoidant coping positively mediated the paranormal belief-search for meaning in life relationship. Conspiracy theory endorsement predicted greater social identity via avoidant coping. Findings indicated that paranormal belief and conspiracy theory endorsement were differentially related to positive wellbeing outcomes. Regarding paranormal belief, the construct was concomitantly attendant with passive and active psychological functions. The association with avoidant coping suggested that in some circumstances supernatural credence enables believers to avert attention from problems.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Denovan, A., Drinkwater, K. G., Escolà-Gascón, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Drinkwater, K. G., & Escolà-Gascón, A. (2025). Paranormal belief and conspiracy theory endorsement: Variations in adaptive function and positive wellbeing. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1519223. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1519223
2-year Impact Factor: 2.9|2024
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 2|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Paranormal belief / Conspiracy theory endorsement / Positive wellbeing / Active and avoidant coping / Meaning in life

Paranormal belief and conspiracy theory endorsement: Variations in adaptive function and positive wellbeing

Paranormal belief and conspiracy theory endorsement: Variations in adaptive function and positive wellbeing
DocumentParanormal belief, conspiracy endorsement, and positive wellbeing: A network analysis2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-051
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
051 - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement
Duration: 2023-06 - 2025-03
Researcher(s):
Neil Dagnall, Kenneth Drinkwater
Institution(s): Health, Psychology and Communities, Manchester Metropolitan University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Drinkwater, K.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Paranormal belief / Psychological adjustment / Positive psychology / Well-being / Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-051.04
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Paranormal belief, conspiracy endorsement, and positive wellbeing: A network analysis
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1448067
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Using network analysis (NA), this study examined interrelationships between advocacy of scientifically unsubstantiated beliefs (i.e., Paranormal and Conspiracy Endorsement) and positive wellbeing outcomes (i.e., Coping, Meaning in Life, Self-Esteem, and Satisfaction with Life). A total of 1,667 participants completed study measures. Analysis revealed that Paranormal Belief (PB) and Self-Esteem were central variables. Although not directly connected, common relationships existed with Search for Meaning in Life and Avoidant Coping. PB was most strongly linked (positively) with Conspiracy Endorsement, the Cognitive-Perceptual dimension of schizotypy, Search, and Avoidant Coping. Connections indicated that PB potentially mediated relationships between Schizotypy, Search, and Avoidant Coping. Self-Esteem was most strongly linked positively with the Presence of Meaning in Life, Active Coping, and Satisfaction with Life, and negatively with Avoidant Coping and Search. Network examination also revealed that Self-Esteem bridged relationships between Coping (Active and Avoidant), Meaning in Life (Search and Presence), and Satisfaction with Life. While the correlation between PB and Self-Esteem was small, the significance of these nodes suggested that their indirect interaction (through Search and Avoidant Coping) influenced factors related to positive wellbeing. This implied that the connection between PB and enhanced Self-Esteem positively impacted wellbeing. Conversely, PB associated with low Self-Esteem reflected poorer psychological health. Therefore, subsequent research should test this notion using specific belief facets.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Drinkwater, K. G., Denovan, A., Escolá Gascón, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K. G., Denovan, A., & Escolá Gascón, A. (2025). Paranormal belief, conspiracy endorsement, and positive wellbeing: A network analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1448067. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1448067
2-year Impact Factor: 2.9|2024
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 2|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Paranormal belief / Conspiracy theory endorsement / Positive wellbeing / Network analysis / Scientifically unsubstantiated beliefs

Paranormal belief, conspiracy endorsement, and positive wellbeing: A network analysis

Paranormal belief, conspiracy endorsement, and positive wellbeing: A network analysis