Abstract/Results: | RESULTS:
Sixteen experimenters conducted a total of 114 ganzfeld trials. Experimenter
expectancy regarding the likely success of the experiment was manipulated so that half
the experimenters were given a positive expectancy of success and half are given a
negative expectancy. Experimenters’ attitudes towards psi were also measured and
classified as either ‘high’ or ‘low’. The effects of these independent variables upon
participants’ confidence of success and actual performance on a ganzfeld-ESP task were
assessed. The overall hit-rate was 34.2% (39/114 trials) and was statistically significant
(p=0.02), although there was the potential for optional stopping.
A 2 x 2 ANOVA revealed no significant main effect of experimenter attitudes towards
psi upon psi scores (measured by Z-scores), F(1, 113)=0.32, p=0.58. Nor was there a
significant main effect of experimenter expectancy, F(1,113)=2.35, p=0.13. No
significant interaction was found between experimenter attitudes towards psi and
experimenter expectancy, F(1,113)=0.08, p=0.78.
A 2 x 2 ANOVA revealed no significant main effect of experimenter attitudes towards
psi upon Receivers’ confidence scores, F(1, 105)=1.64, p=0.20, or Senders’ confidence
scores, F(1, 103)=3.09, p=0.08, although it approached significance for Senders’
confidence. Whilst there was also no significant main effect of experimenter expectancy
upon Receivers’ confidence, F(1,105)=0.23, p=0.64, there was a significant effect of
experimenter expectancy upon Senders’ confidence, F(1, 103)=7.06, p=0.009. No
significant interaction was found between experimenter attitudes towards psi and
experimenter expectancy for either Receivers’ confidence, F(1,105)=0.91, p=0.34, or
Senders’ confidence, F(1, 103)=0.89, p=0.35.
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