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BIAL Foundation
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TI:"A meta-analysis of forced-choice experiments comparing clairvoyance and precognition"
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DocumentA meta-analysis of forced-choice experiments comparing clairvoyance and precognition1998

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-1996
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 8/1996
Title:
1996 Grants
Start date: 1997-01 - 2005-05
Dimension/support:
8 caixas de arquivo

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-1996-011
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 1/1996
Title:
011 - Precognition - possibilities, probabilities and events
Duration: 1997-01 - 1998-12
Researcher(s):
Fiona Steinkamp, Robert Morris
Institution(s): The University of Edinburgh (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Steinkamp, F.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Precognition / Clairvoyance

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-1996-011.09
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 1/1996
Title:
A meta-analysis of forced-choice experiments comparing clairvoyance and precognition
Publication year: 1998
URL:
http://www.biomedsearch.com/article/meta-analysis-forced-choice-experiments/54194992.html
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
This meta-analysis examined a database of studies published in the main parapsychology journals from 1935-1997 that compared outcomes of precognition and clairvoyance trials under relatively similar experimental conditions. Both the precognition and clairvoyance studies had a statistically significant cumulated overall effect but there was no evidence to suggest that clairvoyance worked better than precognition, with the mean effect sizes (z/[N.sup.1/2]) of the two types of ESP in the 22 study pairs being very similar at 0.010 for precognition and 0.009 for clairvoyance. There were no statistically significant correlations between the presence of procedural safeguards and effect size and hence no suggestion that methodological problems had played any strong and obvious role in the overall effects, although the small database would be expected to provide relatively low statistical power for detecting any such effects. None of the planned analyses examining the effects of potential moderator variables upon effect size were statistically significant but a post-hoc ANOVA indicated a statistically significant interaction, F (1, 16) = 15.04, p = .001. between whether the trials were precognitive or clairvoyant and how the two types of trial were interspersed (separated into studies or mixed within a study). Being a post-hoc result and one of many analyses performed, this finding may not be meaningful. Equally, however, the general lack of significant findings does not conclusively indicate a lack of genuine relationships, given the low statistical power in the database. In case low power had in fact been a problem in identifying moderator variables, contrast between groups in effect size alone, regardless of the statistical significance of the difference was used as a criterion to identify promising variables to examine or exploit in future research. These variables and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Steinkamp, F.
Secondary author(s):
Milton, J., Morris, R.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Steinkamp, F., Milton, J., Morris, R. (1998). A meta-analysis of forced-choice experiments comparing clairvoyance and precognition. Journal of Parapsychology, 62(3), 193-218.
2-year Impact Factor: 0.441|1998
Times cited: 16|2024-02-05
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q4
Keywords: Parapsychology / Precognition / Clairvoyance / Extrasensory perception (ESP)

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