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DocumentSkin Conductance Prestimulus Response: Analyses, Artifacts and a Pilot Study2003

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2002
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 21/2002
Title:
2002 Grants
Start date: 2003-01 - 2009-11
Dimension/support:
21 caixas de arquivo

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2002-109
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 2/2002
Title:
109 - Retrocausal Signalling with Prestimulus Response
Duration: 2003-02 - 2004-04
Researcher(s):
James Spottiswoode
Institution(s): Geonet Technologies, Inc., Beverly Hills (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Spottiswoode, J.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Presentiment

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2002-109.03
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 2/2002
Title:
Skin Conductance Prestimulus Response: Analyses, Artifacts and a Pilot Study
Publication year: 2003
URL:
http://scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_17_4_spottiswoode.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Previous studies have suggested that the human autonomic nervous system responds to stimuli 2–3 seconds before presentation. In these studies randomly chosen photographs with high and low affectivity were presented to participants.Ensemble averaging of skin conductance in the prestimulus epochs showed a differential response between high and low affectivity photographs. In our protocol the problem of idiosyncratic responses to pictorial stimuli was avoided by using audio startle stimuli. Stimulus type was determined just before presentationby a true randomgenerator. Participantsheard 20 stimuli per session with a 50% chance of an audio startle as against a silent control. Our dependent variable was the proportions of 3-second epochs prior to audio and control stimuli in which a skin conductance response, that is a minimum in skin conductance followed by a maximum, occurred. We found a significant effect (N ˆ 125, Z scoreˆ 3.27, effect size [ES] ˆ 0.0901 6 0.0275, pˆ 5.4 3 10¡4). Explanations for this result as an artifact were examined and rejected. We show that a significant result from an average-based epoch analysis in this type of experiment is not a necessary requirement to demonstrate significant evidence for a prestimulus response. We also observed post hoc that the prestimulus response effect was correlated with participant lability (r ˆ 0.472, df ˆ 21, pˆ0.011).
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Related objects:
PT/FB/BL-2000-36.02
Author: Spottiswoode, J.
Secondary author(s):
May, E.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Spottiswoode, J., & May, E. C. (2003). Skin Conductance Prestimulus Response: Analyses, Artifacts and a Pilot Study. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 17(4), 617-641.
2-year Impact Factor: N/A
Times cited: N/A
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: N/A
Keywords: Skin conductance / Presentiment / Retrocausality / Prestimulus response / Precognition

Novo ficheiro

Novo ficheiro
DocumentFinal report - Prestimulus response in the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system2008

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 25/2004
Title:
2004 Grants
Start date: 2005-01 - 2012-09
Dimension/support:
25 caixas de arquivo

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004-007
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 16/2004
Title:
007 - Prestimulus response in the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system
Duration: 2005-01 - 2008-04
Researcher(s):
Edwin May
Institution(s): Laboratories for Fundamental Research, Palo Alto (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Article
Language: eng
Author:
May, E. C.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Presentiment

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004-007.01
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 16/2004
Title:
Final report - Prestimulus response in the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system
Publication year: 2008
URL:
http://www.bial.com/imagem/Bolsa07-04_03012014.pdf
Abstract/Results: RESULTS:
Thirty four participants took part in a formal study examining pre- and post-stimulus responses to acoustic stimuli consisting of 1-second of 95db of white noise with a random inter-stimulus interval of 30 ± 10 s. The dependent variable was the difference between pulse-rate, which was measured by a standard 3-electrode ECG placement, prior to the choice of acoustic stimuli compared to prior to no-stimulus control. A Monte Carlo method was used to assess statistical relevance of the data.
Two sets of data were collected to ascertain any Decision Augmentation Theory effects (i.e., experimenter psi): Condition A with 16 stimuli/participant and Condition B with 48 stimuli/participant.
The best participant produced a pre-stimulus effect size of 1.02 (z = 2.05, p = 0.02); however, the results across all 34 participants were disappointing. Combining the two conditions resulted in a total stimuli count of 518 contrasted with 512 silent controls. The effect sizes were 0.043 and 0.006 for Conditions A and B, respectively, which indicated there was no observed prestimulus pulse rate response to acoustic stimuli compared to controls.
It is difficult to ascribe a meaning to a null result; however, we do consider a number of potential explanations.
• We did not screen participants for native ability in this particular setup, so it remains possible that we did not have psi talent in the participant pool.
• Contrary to expectations, heart rate may not be subject to prestimulus response effects.
• This particular study was plagued with difficulties from its inception. Some of these issues arose because we were not well trained in heart-rate measures and analyses. The result was that we had to restart the study learning as we went. This had two important side effects. The first is that it sharply reduced the available participant pool from which we could draw, and secondly and most importantly it had a demoralizing effect on the researchers.
This last point requires further discussion. It is a well-established effect that set and setting play an important role in experimental psychology and perhaps a determining role in parapsychological experiments. One of the strongest effects in the PSI literature is the so-called sheep/goat effect which may be a strong manifestation of this effect.
Because of the frustrating beginning to the study and because our team is strongly accustomed to obtaining positive results, we all became discouraged and less attentive to this study. Perhaps at a minimum this contributed to the null result or, at worst, maybe “caused” the null result.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
May, E. C.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
2
Indexed document:
No
Keywords: Parapsychology / Prestimulus response / Decision augmentation theory / Heart rate / Autonomic nervous system

Final report - Prestimulus response in the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system

Final report - Prestimulus response in the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system
DocumentAnomalous anticipatory skin conductance response to acoustic stimuli: experimental results and speculation about a mechanism2005

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 25/2004
Title:
2004 Grants
Start date: 2005-01 - 2012-09
Dimension/support:
25 caixas de arquivo

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004-007
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 16/2004
Title:
007 - Prestimulus response in the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system
Duration: 2005-01 - 2008-04
Researcher(s):
Edwin May
Institution(s): Laboratories for Fundamental Research, Palo Alto (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Article
Language: eng
Author:
May, E. C.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Presentiment

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004-007.02
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 16/2004
Title:
Anomalous anticipatory skin conductance response to acoustic stimuli: experimental results and speculation about a mechanism
Publication year: 2005
URL:
http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/acm.2005.11.695
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
OBJECTIVES:
The primary aim of this study was to conduct a replication, simplification, and extension of similar previous studies that claimed anomalous anticipatory skin conductance responses prior to various stimuli and to provide sufficient protocol and analysis details in order to foster additional replications. A secondary aim was to provide a testable model in order to understand the observed results.
DESIGN:
We used standard skin conductance measures and techniques to search within 50 participants for responses prior to 1-second duration, 97-dB acoustic stimuli, compared to prior to silent controls. We used an interstimulus interval randomly and uniformly distributed between 30 and 50 seconds.
OUTCOME MEASURES:
The dependent variable was the difference between proportions of 3.5-second prestimulus intervals prior to acoustic stimuli and prior to silent controls that contained a fully formed, nonspecific skin conductance response (ns-SCR). The null hypothesis was that the proportion difference should be zero.
RESULTS:
We found a significant proportion difference of 0.032 (Z = 2.08; effect size = 0.077 +/- 0.037; p(1t) = 0.0018), which is a replication of earlier similar studies.
CONCLUSIONS:
We examined and ruled out a number of potential artifacts that might have accounted for this finding. To understand these results, we demonstrated, by Monte Carlo techniques, that a possible explanation is that experimenters may have used their own intuition to initiate experiment runs to somehow sort otherwise random nonspecific skin conductance responses into appropriate bins in order to mimic physiological responses. We found experimental evidence to support this idea as an operational mechanism. If this speculation is confirmed in prospective studies, then this intuition-based mimicking of effects may profoundly impact the interpretation of results from complementary and alternative medical studies that use statistical inference to assess outcomes.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Related objects:
BL-2000-036.07
Author: May, E. C.
Secondary author(s):
Paulinyi, T., Vassy, Z.
Document type:
Article-d
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
May, E. C., Paulinyi, T., & Vassy, Z. (2005). Anomalous anticipatory skin conductance response to acoustic stimuli: experimental results and speculation about a mechanism. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 11(4), 695-702. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2005.11.695
2-year Impact Factor: 1.051|2005
Times cited: 19|2024-02-05
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Prestimulus response / Autonomic nervous system / Skin conductance response (SCR)

Anomalous anticipatory skin conductance response to acoustic stimuli: experimental results and speculation about a mechanism

Anomalous anticipatory skin conductance response to acoustic stimuli: experimental results and speculation about a mechanism
DocumentRetrocausal Signalling with Prestimulus Response2004

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2002
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 21/2002
Title:
2002 Grants
Start date: 2003-01 - 2009-11
Dimension/support:
21 caixas de arquivo

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2002-109
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 2/2002
Title:
109 - Retrocausal Signalling with Prestimulus Response
Duration: 2003-02 - 2004-04
Researcher(s):
James Spottiswoode
Institution(s): Geonet Technologies, Inc., Beverly Hills (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Spottiswoode, J.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Presentiment

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2002-109.04
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 2/2002
Title:
Retrocausal Signalling with Prestimulus Response
Publication year: 2004
URL:
http://www.bial.com/pt/fundacao_bial.11/simposios.19/edicoes_anteriores.75/5%C2%BA_simposio.a111.html
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Spottiswoode, J.
Document type:
Conference abstract
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Spottiswoode, J. (2004). Retrocausal Signalling with Prestimulus Response. In Aquém e além do cérebro. Behind and beyond the brain. Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of Fundação Bial (pp. 322-323). Porto: Fundação Bial.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Precognition / Prestimulus response / Skin conductance

Novo ficheiro

Novo ficheiro
DocumentPrestimulus response in the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system2008

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 25/2004
Title:
2004 Grants
Start date: 2005-01 - 2012-09
Dimension/support:
25 caixas de arquivo

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004-007
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 16/2004
Title:
007 - Prestimulus response in the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system
Duration: 2005-01 - 2008-04
Researcher(s):
Edwin May
Institution(s): Laboratories for Fundamental Research, Palo Alto (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Article
Language: eng
Author:
May, E. C.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Presentiment

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004-007.04
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 16/2004
Title:
Prestimulus response in the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system
Publication year: 2008
URL:
http://www.bial.com/imagem/Actas_7Simp.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The objective of this study was twofold: (1) to observe prestimulus response effects using heart rate as in indicator of the autonomic nervous system and (2) to ascertain which of two potential models of the functioning best fit the data. Are the data indicative of a precognitive response to a future stimuli or an experimenter effect via Decision Augmentation Theory (DAT). Using a 3-point electrode system, we monitored heart rate continuously for approximately 45 minutes. At random intervals of 30±10 s, we consulted a predefined list of counter balanced stimuli of either 1 s of 95 dB white noise or a silent data marker as a control. The prestimulus region was defined as - 4.7 to -1.2 s prior to stimulus onset and the heart rate data for each stimulus was referenced to that at -4.7s (i.e., clamped at that point). The dependent variable was the area between the average heart rate prior a future acoustic stimulus and a future control. A statistical assessment for this area was determined using a traditional non-parametric permutation technique. A DAT test required either 8 (condition A) or 24 (condition B) stimuli, respectively. Combining the two conditions we found essentially no effect (z = -0.29, p = 0.6, ES =-0.01, n = 518 stimuli). So also there appeared to be no observable effect in either of the two conditions: Condition A (z = -0.46, p = 0.68, ES = - 0.043, n = 121 stimuli) and Condition B (z = -0.12, p = 0.54, ES = -0.006, n = 397 stimuli). It is difficult to ascribe a meaning to a null result; however, we do consider a number of potential explanations. (1) Heart rate may not be subject to prestimulus response effects. (2) This study was plagued with difficulties. The result was that we had to restart the study a number of times. This had two important side effects. The first is that it sharply reduced the available participant pool from which we could draw, and secondly and most importantly it had a demoralizing effect on the researchers. This last point requires further discussion. It is a well established effect that set and setting play an important role in experimental psychology and perhaps a determining role in parapsychological experiments. One of the strongest effects in the PSI literature is the so-called sheep/goat effect which may be a strong manifestation of this effect.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
May, E. C.
Document type:
Conference abstract
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
May, E. C. (2008). Prestimulus response in the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system. In Aquém e além do cérebro. Behind and beyond the brain. Proceedings of the 7th Symposium of Fundação Bial. Porto: Fundação Bial.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Prestimulus response / Decision augmentation theory / Heart rate / Autonomic nervous system

Prestimulus response in the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system

Prestimulus response in the sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system
DocumentElectrocortical activity prior to unpredictable stimuli in meditators and nonmeditators2011

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-063
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 4/2008
Title:
063 - Experimental tests of the role of consciousness in the physical world
Duration: 2009-02 - 2011-02
Researcher(s):
Dean Radin, Paul Wendland, Robert Rickenbach, Cassandra Vieten
Institution(s): Institute of Noetic Sciences, Petaluma, California (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Article
Language: eng
Author:
Radin, D.
Secondary author(s):
Wendland, P., Rickenbach, R., Vieten, C.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Parapsychology and Psychophysiology / Psychokinesis (PK) / Altered states of consciousness / Meditation / Consciousness

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-063.02
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 4/2008
Title:
Electrocortical activity prior to unpredictable stimuli in meditators and nonmeditators
Publication year: 2011
URL:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S155083071100156X
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Advanced meditators occasionally report experiences of timelessness, or states of awareness that seem to transcend the usual boundaries of the subjective present. This type of experience was investigated in eight experienced meditators and eight matched controls by measuring 32 channels of EEG before, during, and after exposure to unpredictable light and sound stimuli. The experiment postulated that if some aspect of consciousness extends beyond the present moment, then prestimulus electrocortical signals should differ depending on stimuli that were about to be selected by a truly random process, and that if such experiences were catalyzed through meditation practice, then prestimulus differences should be more apparent in meditators than in nonmeditators. Each of the 32 EEG channels was baseline adjusted on each trial by the electrical potential averaged between two- and one-second prestimulus, then for each channel the average potential was determined from one-second prestimulus to stimulus onset. The resulting means across subjects in each group were compared by stimulus type using randomized permutation procedures and corrected for multiple comparisons. Within the control group, no EEG channels showed significant prestimulus differences between light versus sound stimulus conditions, but within the meditator group five of 32 channels resulted in significant differences (P < .05, two tailed). Comparisons between control and meditator groups showed significant prestimulus differences prior to audio tone stimuli in 14 of 32 channels (P < .05, two tailed, of which eight channels were P < .005, two tailed). This outcome successfully replicates effects reported in earlier experiments, suggesting that sometimes the subjective sense of awareness extending into the future may be ontologically accurate.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Related objects:
PT/FB/BL-2008-167.02
Author: Radin, D.
Secondary author(s):
Vieten, C., Michel, L., Delorme, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Radin, D., Vieten, C., Michel, L., & Delorme, A. (2011). Electrocortical activity prior to unpredictable stimuli in meditators and nonmeditators. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 7(5), 286-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2011.06.004
2-year Impact Factor: 1.027|2011
Times cited: 16|2024-02-01
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q3
Keywords: Consciousness / Meditation / Prestimulus response / Time perception / Anticipation / Presentiment
DocumentElectrocortical activity prior to unpredictable stimuli in meditators and nonmeditators2011

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-167
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 7/2008
Title:
167 - Testing the ontological status of the experience of meditation-induced timeless states
Duration: 2009-02 - 2010-07
Researcher(s):
Cassandra Vieten, Dean Radin, Marilyn Schlitz
Institution(s): Institute of Noetic Sciences, Petaluma, California (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Article
Language: eng
Author:
Vieten, C.
Secondary author(s):
Radin, D., Schlitz, M.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Parapsychology and Psychophysiology / Altered states of consciousness / Meditation / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Precognition / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-167.02
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 7/2008
Title:
Electrocortical activity prior to unpredictable stimuli in meditators and nonmeditators
Publication year: 2011
Institution(s):
http://media.noetic.org/uploads/files/Explore-Radin-Vieten-Meditators-2011.pdf
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21907152
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Advanced meditators occasionally report experiences of timelessness, or states of awareness that seem to transcend the usual boundaries of the subjective present. This type of experience was investigated in eight experienced meditators and eight matched controls by measuring 32 channels of EEG before, during, and after exposure to unpredictable light and sound stimuli. The experiment postulated that if some aspect of consciousness extends beyond the present moment, then prestimulus electrocortical signals should differ depending on stimuli that were about to be selected by a truly random process, and that if such experiences were catalyzed through meditation practice, then prestimulus differences should be more apparent in meditators than in nonmeditators. Each of the 32 EEG channels was baseline adjusted on each trial by the electrical potential averaged between two- and one-second prestimulus, then for each channel the average potential was determined from one-second prestimulus to stimulus onset. The resulting means across subjects in each group were compared by stimulus type using randomized permutation procedures and corrected for multiple comparisons. Within the control group, no EEG channels showed significant prestimulus differences between light versus sound stimulus conditions, but within the meditator group five of 32 channels resulted in significant differences (P < .05, two tailed). Comparisons between control and meditator groups showed significant prestimulus differences prior to audio tone stimuli in 14 of 32 channels (P < .05, two tailed, of which eight channels were P < .005, two tailed). This outcome successfully replicates effects reported in earlier experiments, suggesting that sometimes the subjective sense of awareness extending into the future may be ontologically accurate.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Related objects:
PT/FB/BL-2008-63.02
Notes: This document is a previous version of the article submitted to the "Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"
Author: Radin, D.
Secondary author(s):
Vieten, C., Michel, L., Delorme, A.
Document type:
Article-d
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Radin, D., Vieten, C., Michel, L. & Delorme, A. (2011). Electrocortical Activity Prior to Unpredictable Stimuli in Meditators and Nonmeditators. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 7(5), 286-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2011.06.004
2-year Impact Factor: 1.027|2011
Times cited: 16|2024-02-06
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q3
Keywords: Consciousness / Time perception / Anticipation / Meditation / Presentiment / Prestimulus response

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DocumentThe slide-show presentiment effect discovered in brain electrical activity2007

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/E
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: Documentation and Information Center
History: Books that are part of the documentation center

Reference code: PT/FB/E/088
Title: The slide-show presentiment effect discovered in brain electrical activity
Publication year: 2007
Número de inventário:
M-0091
URL: http://www.spr.ac.uk/main/page/jspr-abstracts-2007#jan
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The presentation of pictures evokes clearly detectable responses in the electro­encephalogram (EEG). Here, the question is addressed whether people show an anomalous pre-stimulus response prior to a sudden appearance of pictures. Therefore, twenty participants were exposed at randomised times to affective and non-affective pictures, and to checkerboard stimuli. In a non-parametric statistical analysis the one-second pre-stimulus epochs were compared with arbitrarily chosen non-exposed pre-stimulus epochs. In a second step, the contrasts between the pre-stimulus responses of different conditions were tested for significance. Checkerboard stimulation revealed no effect, whereas the picture stimuli resulted in a significant increase of the EEG activity. For affective pictures as well as for the difference between affective and neutral pictures, significant z-scores greater than z = 2.0 were found. A control condition with a covered monitor did not show such an effect. The delta band power was only decreased before presentation of pictures. The results support the possible existence of an abnormal presentiment effect. As it is not visible in the averaged EEG curves, this effect may not be time-locked to the stimulus and may be different for each participant. The non-significant results for neutral pictures and checkerboard stimuli suggest that emotional affectivity is important for a pre-stimulus effect in the EEG.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in archive
Language:
eng
Author:
Hinterberger, T.
Secondary author(s):
Studer, P., Jager, M., Haverty-Stacke, C., Walach, H.
Document type:
Article
Reference:
Hinterberger, T., Studer, P., Jager, M., Haverty-Stacke, C., & Walach, H. (2007). The slide-show presentiment effect discovered in brain electrical activity. Journal of the Society of Psychical Research, 71, 148-166.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Brain electrical activity / Presentiment / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Prestimulus response
DocumentElectrophysiological evidence of intuition: Part 1. The surprising role of the heart2004

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/E
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: Documentation and Information Center
History: Books that are part of the documentation center

Reference code: PT/FB/E/089
Title: Electrophysiological evidence of intuition: Part 1. The surprising role of the heart
Publication year: 2004
Número de inventário:
M-0092
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15025887
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to contribute to a scientific understanding of intuition, a process by which information normally outside the range of conscious awareness is perceived by the psychophysiological systems. The first objective, presented in two empirical papers (Part 1 and Part 2), was to replicate and extend the results of previous experiments demonstrating that the body can respond to an emotionally arousing stimulus seconds before it is actually experienced. The second objective, to be presented in a third paper (Part 3), is to develop a theory that explains how the body receives and processes information involved in intuitive perception.
DESIGN: The study used a counterbalanced crossover design, in which 30 calm and 15 emotionally arousing pictures were presented to 26 participants under two experimental conditions: a baseline condition of normal psychophysiologic function and a condition of physiological coherence. Primary measures included: skin conductance; the electroencephalogram (EEG), from which cortical event-related potentials and heartbeat-evoked potentials were derived; and the electrocardiogram (ECG), from which cardiac decelerations/accelerations were derived. These measures were used to investigate where and when in the brain and body intuitive information is processed.
RESULTS: The study's results are presented in two parts. The main findings in relation to the heart's role in intuitive perception presented here are: (1) surprisingly, the heart appears to receive and respond to intuitive information; (2) a significantly greater heart rate deceleration occurred prior to future emotional stimuli compared to calm stimuli; (3) there were significant gender differences in the processing of prestimulus information. Part 2 will present results indicating where in the brain intuitive information is processed and data showing that prestimulus information from the heart is communicated to the brain. It also presents evidence that females are more attuned to intuitive information from the heart.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we have independently replicated and extended previous research documenting prestimulus responses. It appears that the heart is involved in the processing and decoding of intuitive information. Once the prestimulus information is received in the psychophysiologic systems, it appears to be processed in the same way as conventional sensory input. This study presents compelling evidence that the body's perceptual apparatus is continuously scanning the future. To account for the results presented in Parts 1 and 2, Part 3 will develop a theory based on holographic principles explaining how intuitive perception accesses a field of energy into which information about future events is spectrally enfolded.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in archive
Language:
eng
Author:
McCraty, R.
Secondary author(s):
Atkinson, M., Bradley, R.
Document type:
Article
Reference:
McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., Bradley, R. (2004). Electrophysiological evidence of intuition: Part 1. The surprising role of the heart. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 10(1), 133-143.
2-year Impact Factor: 1.104|2006
Times cited: 56|2024-02-06
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Intuition / Prestimulus response / Heart

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DocumentElectrophysiological evidence of intuition: Part 2. A system-wide process?2004

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/E
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: Documentation and Information Center
History: Books that are part of the documentation center

Reference code: PT/FB/E/090
Title: Electrophysiological evidence of intuition: Part 2. A system-wide process?
Publication year: 2004
Número de inventário:
M-0093
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15165413
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to contribute to a scientific understanding of intuition, a process by which information normally outside the range of conscious awareness is perceived by the body's psychophysiological systems. The first objective, presented in two empirical reports (Part 1 and Part 2), was to replicate and extend the results of previous experiments demonstrating that the body can respond to an emotionally arousing stimulus seconds before it is actually experienced. The second objective, to be presented in a forthcoming publication (Part 3), is to develop a theory that explains how the body receives and processes information involved in intuitive perception.
DESIGN: The study used a counterbalanced crossover design, in which 30 calm and 15 emotionally arousing pictures were presented to 26 participants under two experimental conditions: a baseline condition of "normal" psychophysiologic function and a condition of physiological coherence. Primary measures included: skin conductance; the electroencephalogram (EEG), from which cortical event-related potentials (ERP) and heartbeatevoked potentials (HBEP) were derived; and the electrocardiogram (ECG), from which cardiac decelerations/ accelerations were derived. These measures were used to investigate where and when in the brain and body intuitive information is processed.
RESULTS: The main findings presented here are: (1) surprisingly, both the heart and brain appear to receive and respond to intuitive information; (2) even more surprisingly, there is compelling evidence that the heart appears to receive intuitive information before the brain; (3) there were significant differences in prestimulus ERPs for calm versus emotional stimuli; (4) the frontal cortex, temporal, occipital, and parietal areas appear to be involved in the processing of prestimulus information; (5) there were significant differences in prestimulus calm/emotional HBEPs, primarily in the coherent mode; (6) there were significant gender differences in the processing of prestimulus information. Especially noteworthy is the apparent interaction between the HBEPs and ERPs in the females, which suggests that the heart modulates the ERP and that females are more attuned to intuitive information from the heart.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our data suggest that the heart and brain, together, are involved in receiving, processing, and decoding intuitive information. On the basis of these results and those of other research, it would thus appear that intuitive perception is a system-wide process in which both the heart and brain (and possibly other bodily systems) play a critical role. To account for the study's results, Part 3 will develop a theory based on holographic principles explaining how intuitive perception accesses a field of energy into which information about "future" events is spectrally enfolded.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in archive
Language:
eng
Author:
McCraty, R.
Secondary author(s):
Atkinson, M., Bradley, R.
Document type:
Article
Reference:
McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., Bradley, R. (2004b). Electrophysiological evidence of intuition: Part 2. A system-wide process? The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 10(2), 325-336.
2-year Impact Factor: 1.104|2006
Times cited: 42|2024-02-06
Indexed document: Yes
Keywords: Intuition / Prestimulus response / Heart

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