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DocumentSize aftereffects are eliminated when adaptor stimuli are prevented from reaching awareness by continuous flash suppression2017

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-152
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
152 - The role of the lateral occipital area in the visual processing of object size, shape, and orientation within and outside conscious awareness
Duration: 2017-03 - 2019-09
Researcher(s):
Philippe Chouinard, Irene Sperandio, Robin Laycock
Institution(s): La Trobe University, Melbourne (Australia); School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Chouinard, P.
Secondary author(s):
Sperandio, I., Laycok, R.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Lateral occiptal area (LO) / Continuous Flash Superssion (CFS) / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Object features / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-152.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Size aftereffects are eliminated when adaptor stimuli are prevented from reaching awareness by continuous flash suppression
Publication year: 2017
URL:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00479/full
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Size aftereffects are a compelling perceptual phenomenon in which we perceive the size of a stimulus as being different than it actually is following a period of visual stimulation of an adapter stimulus with a different size. Here, we used continuous flash suppression (CFS) to determine if size aftereffects require a high-level appraisal of the adapter stimulus. The strength of size aftereffects was quantified following a 3-s exposure to perceptually visible and invisible adapters. Participants judged the size of a target that followed the adapter in comparison to a subsequent reference. Our experiments demonstrate that the adapter no longer influenced the perceived size of the subsequent target stimulus under CFS. We conclude that the perception of size aftereffects is prevented when CFS is used to suppress the conscious awarness of the adapting stimulus.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Laycok, R.
Secondary author(s):
Sherman, J., Sperandio, I., Chouinard, P.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Laycok, R., Sherman, J., Sperandio, I., & Chouinard, P. (2017). Size aftereffects are eliminated when adaptor stimuli are prevented from reaching awareness by continuous flash suppression. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11: 479. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00479
2-year Impact Factor: 2.871|2017
Times cited: 8|2025-09-16
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Adaptation / Size aftereffects / Continuous flash suppression (CFS) / Conscious awareness / Perception

Size aftereffects are eliminated when adaptor stimuli are prevented from reaching awareness by continuous flash suppression

Size aftereffects are eliminated when adaptor stimuli are prevented from reaching awareness by continuous flash suppression
DocumentConscious awareness is required for the perceptual discrimination of threatening animal stimuli: A visual masking and continuous flash suppression study2018

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-152
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
152 - The role of the lateral occipital area in the visual processing of object size, shape, and orientation within and outside conscious awareness
Duration: 2017-03 - 2019-09
Researcher(s):
Philippe Chouinard, Irene Sperandio, Robin Laycock
Institution(s): La Trobe University, Melbourne (Australia); School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Chouinard, P.
Secondary author(s):
Sperandio, I., Laycok, R.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Lateral occiptal area (LO) / Continuous Flash Superssion (CFS) / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Object features / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-152.04
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Conscious awareness is required for the perceptual discrimination of threatening animal stimuli: A visual masking and continuous flash suppression study
Publication year: 2018
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810018301934
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
We investigated if the subliminal processing of threatening animal (snakes and spiders) and neutral object (cars and houses) stimuli can influence the discrimination of a subsequent visible stimulus. The prime and target pair were either identical, of the same category but with different physical features, or different in category and physical features. In two experiments, participants discriminated the basic level category (e.g. snake vs. spider) of a visible target stimulus that had been preceded by a visible or perceptually invisible prime stimulus. One experiment used visual masking to render prime stimuli perceptually invisible and the other used continuous flash suppression (CFS). Priming effects were demonstrated in both experiments when the prime was visible but not when the prime was rendered perceptually invisible. These findings demonstrate that conscious awareness could be required in the perceptual discrimination of threatening animal and neutral object images at their specific basic level category.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Cox, E. J.
Secondary author(s):
Sperandio, I., Laycock, R., Chouinard, P. A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Cox, E. J., Sperandio, I., Laycock, R., & Chouinard, P. A. (2018). Conscious awareness is required for the perceptual discrimination of threatening animal stimuli: A visual masking and continuous flash suppression study. Consciousness and Cognition, 65, 280-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2018.09.008
2-year Impact Factor: 1.855|2018
Times cited: 9|2025-09-17
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q3
Keywords: Conscious awareness / Continuous flash suppression (CFS) / Priming / Threat stimuli / Visual masking
DocumentPerceptual size discrimination requires awareness and late visual areas: A continuous flash suppression and interocular transfer study2019

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-152
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
152 - The role of the lateral occipital area in the visual processing of object size, shape, and orientation within and outside conscious awareness
Duration: 2017-03 - 2019-09
Researcher(s):
Philippe Chouinard, Irene Sperandio, Robin Laycock
Institution(s): La Trobe University, Melbourne (Australia); School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Chouinard, P.
Secondary author(s):
Sperandio, I., Laycok, R.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Lateral occiptal area (LO) / Continuous Flash Superssion (CFS) / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Object features / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-152.05
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Perceptual size discrimination requires awareness and late visual areas: A continuous flash suppression and interocular transfer study
Publication year: 2019
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810018303738?via%3Dihub
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
We applied continuous flash suppression (CFS) during an interocular transfer paradigm to evaluate the importance of awareness and the contribution of early versus late visual structures in size recognition. Specifically, we tested if size judgements of a visible target could be influenced by a congruent or incongruent prime presented to the same or different eye. Without CFS, participants categorised a target as “small” or “large” more quickly when it was preceded by a congruent prime – regardless of whether the prime and target were presented to the same or different eye. Interocular transfer enabled us to infer that the observed priming was mediated by late visual areas. In contrast, there was no priming under CFS, which underscores the importance of awareness. We conclude that awareness and late visual structures are important for size perception and that any subconscious processing of the stimulus has minimal effect on size recognition.
Accessibility: Document exits in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Peel, H. J.
Secondary author(s):
Sherman, J. A., Sperandio, I., Laycock, R., Chouinard, P. A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Peel, H. J., Sherman, J. A., Sperandio, I., Laycock, R., & Chouinard, P. A. (2019). Perceptual size discrimination requires awareness and late visual areas: A continuous flash suppression and interocular transfer study. Consciousness and Cognition, 67, 77-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2018.11.012
2-year Impact Factor: 2.044|2019
Times cited: 2|2025-09-17
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Size perception / Consciousness / Perceptual discrimination / Continuous flash suppression (CFS) / Priming / Interocular transfer

Perceptual size discrimination requires awareness and late visual areas: A continuous flash suppression and interocular transfer study

Perceptual size discrimination requires awareness and late visual areas: A continuous flash suppression and interocular transfer study
DocumentThe processing of images of spiders and snakes outside of conscious awareness under visual masking2018

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-152
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
152 - The role of the lateral occipital area in the visual processing of object size, shape, and orientation within and outside conscious awareness
Duration: 2017-03 - 2019-09
Researcher(s):
Philippe Chouinard, Irene Sperandio, Robin Laycock
Institution(s): La Trobe University, Melbourne (Australia); School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Chouinard, P.
Secondary author(s):
Sperandio, I., Laycok, R.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Lateral occiptal area (LO) / Continuous Flash Superssion (CFS) / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Object features / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-152.06
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
The processing of images of spiders and snakes outside of conscious awareness under visual masking
Publication year: 2018
URL:
https://acnsconference.files.wordpress.com/2019/02/acns-2018-proceedings-with-isbn.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The brain is constantly surveying and selecting relevant visual stimuli to attend to. However, it has been suggested that stimuli with emotional salience (e.g., images of spiders and snakes) can bypass this processing and be processed outside of conscious awareness. To explore this possibility, two experiments were completed in which participants were presented with images of spiders and mushrooms (Experiment 1; N = 35), or snakes and flowers (Experiment 2; N = 35). These images were presented under visible (i.e., the participant was able to perceptually see the images) or invisible (i.e., a visual-masking technique was used to render the images perceptually invisible) conditions. Each experiment had two tasks. In the recognition task, the participant’s Galvanic skin response (GSR) was recorded when viewing visible and invisible stimuli. In the priming task, the participant’s reaction time was measured to a visible target stimulus preceded by either a visible or invisible prime stimulus that was either congruent or incongruent. There were no differences in GSR between conditions in the recognition task for either experiment. In the priming task, there were significant Visibility × Congruency interactions in the spider, F(1,32) = 9.47, p = .004, and snake, F(1,33) = 17.46, p < .001, experiments. Pairwise comparisons, correcting for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni method, revealed that priming occurred in both visibility conditions with stronger effects for the visible (Experiment 1 Cohen’s d = 1.22; Experiment 2 Cohen’s d = 1.25) compared to invisible (Experiment 1 Cohen’s d = 0.59; Experiment 2 Cohen’s d = 0.53) conditions. Results from the recognition task suggest that there is no difference in the physiological response to the processing of different stimuli. However, in the priming task, results suggest that the invisible stimuli were processed outside of conscious awareness. This suggests that conscious awareness may enhance but is not always required to process certain visual stimuli.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Bicknell, R.
Secondary author(s):
Cox, E. J., Laycock, R., Chouinard, P. A.
Document type:
Abstract book
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Bicknell, R., Cox, E. J., Laycock, R., & Chouinard, P. A. (November 2018). The processing of images of spiders and snakes outside of conscious awareness under visual masking. Abstract Book of the 8th Annual Meeting of the Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Society (p. 39). The University Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Conscious awareness / Continuous flash suppression (CFS) / Priming / Threat stimuli / Visual masking

The processing of images of spiders and snakes outside of conscious awareness under visual masking

The processing of images of spiders and snakes outside of conscious awareness under visual masking
DocumentThe mechanisms of size perception inferred by continuous flash suppression and interocular transfer2018

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-152
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
152 - The role of the lateral occipital area in the visual processing of object size, shape, and orientation within and outside conscious awareness
Duration: 2017-03 - 2019-09
Researcher(s):
Philippe Chouinard, Irene Sperandio, Robin Laycock
Institution(s): La Trobe University, Melbourne (Australia); School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Chouinard, P.
Secondary author(s):
Sperandio, I., Laycok, R.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Lateral occiptal area (LO) / Continuous Flash Superssion (CFS) / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Object features / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-152.07
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
The mechanisms of size perception inferred by continuous flash suppression and interocular transfer
Publication year: 2018
URL:
https://acnsconference.files.wordpress.com/2019/02/acns-2018-proceedings-with-isbn.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT
Early visual structures, like the primary visual cortex (V1), have an active role during size perception. We examined interocular transfer in a priming task both within and outside of awareness using continuous flash suppression (CFS). Specifically, stimulus sequences in which a prime and target that were either size-congruent or size-incongruent could be presented in succession to the same eye (monocular condition) or separately to each eye (dichoptic condition). This design enables one to infer the relative contributions of early and later visual structures, as monocular channels remain segregated in early visual areas (like V1 and earlier), but begin to coalesce in the cortex (V1 and beyond). Thus, equivalent reaction times across same and different eye presentations (i.e., interocular transfer) would highlight the importance of later visual areas. Thirty-five participants (Mage = 25.2 years) completed the experiment. Participants categorised a target stimulus as either small or
large. Trials varied prime visibility (CFS vs. visible), prime and target congruency (congruent vs. incongruent size), and eye presentation (monocular vs. dichoptic). A three-way ANOVA revealed a Congruency × Visibility interaction, F(1, 34) = 6.08, p = .02, ?2 p = .15, which was driven by priming effects in the visible (p < .05, d = .25, BF10 = 18.45) but not CFS (p = .99, d = .03, BF10 = 0.23) conditions. There was also an Eye × Visibility interaction, F(1, 34) = 17.10, p < .01, ?2 p = .34, which was driven by a monocular advantage under CFS (p < .01, d = .36, BF10 = 91.25), whereas monocular and dichoptic presentations were equivalent during the visible condition (p = .97, d = .03, BF10 = .21). Taken together, priming effects in the visible but not CFS conditions suggest that awareness is an enabling factor for size perception to occur. Further, we can infer that this is likely mediated by later visual structures, as there was complete interocular transfer of the size information.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Peel, H. J.
Secondary author(s):
Sherman, J. A., Sperandio, I., Laycock, R., Chouinard, P.
Document type:
Abstract book
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Peel, H. J., Sherman, J. A., Sperandio, I., Laycock, R., & Chouinard, P. A. (November 2018) The mechanisms of size perception inferred by continuous flash suppression and interocular transfer. Abstract Book of the 8th Annual Meeting of the Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Society (p. 75). The University Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Size perception / Consciousness / Perceptual discrimination / Continuous flash suppression (CFS) / Priming / Interocular transfer

The processing of images of spiders and snakes outside of conscious awareness under visual masking

The processing of images of spiders and snakes outside of conscious awareness under visual masking
DocumentSubliminal visual processing of aversive stimuli during visual masking and continuous flash suppression2017

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-152
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
152 - The role of the lateral occipital area in the visual processing of object size, shape, and orientation within and outside conscious awareness
Duration: 2017-03 - 2019-09
Researcher(s):
Philippe Chouinard, Irene Sperandio, Robin Laycock
Institution(s): La Trobe University, Melbourne (Australia); School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Chouinard, P.
Secondary author(s):
Sperandio, I., Laycok, R.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Lateral occiptal area (LO) / Continuous Flash Superssion (CFS) / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Object features / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-152.08
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Subliminal visual processing of aversive stimuli during visual masking and continuous flash suppression
Publication year: 2017
URL:
https://www.acns.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/2017ACNSConferenceProceedings_withISBN.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
There is some evidence for the unconscious processing of emotional stimuli (particularly aversive), which is thought to serve an adaptive purpose. However, results in the research literature have been inconsistent. This psychophysical study examined the subconscious processing of aversive (snakes and spiders) and neutral (cars and houses) images using a priming paradigm. Two experiments were
conducted in which the awareness of a priming stimulus was suppressed in half of the trials using either visual masking (Expt 1; N =16) or continuous flash suppression (Expt 2; N =16). Participants
were tasked with discriminating the proceeding target stimulus using a 2-alternative forced choice method. Reaction times (RTs) to this stimulus were recorded.
Expt 1: ANOVA demonstrated a three-way interaction for Valence
(Aversive vs Neutral), Visibility (Visible vs Masked), and Priming Condition [Different Class (e.g. snake followed by spider) vs Different Exemplars (e.g. snake followed by different snake) vs Same Exemplar (e.g. same snake repeated)] (F(2,30) = 9.66, p < .001). This result was driven by faster RTs for Same Exemplar pairs in comparison to Different Class and Different Exemplar pairs, but only in the Visible condition. Aversive stimuli were found to have slower reaction times than Neutral stimuli but only in the Visible, Different Class condition.
Expt 2: ANOVA demonstrated a two-way interaction between Visibility and Priming Condition (F(2,30) = 19.88, p < .001). Similar to Expt 1, faster RTs were found for Same Exemplar pairs in comparison to Different Class and Different Exemplar pairs in the Visible condition. This priming effect was not found in the Masked condition. There were no interactions or main effects of Valence.
Given we have been unable to demonstrate evidence of priming in both the visual masking and CFS experiments, we conclude that the visual processing of aversive and neutral images is greatly facilitated by awareness.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Cox, E. J.
Secondary author(s):
Sperandio, I., Laycock, R., Chouinard, P.
Document type:
Abstract book
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Cox, E. J., Sperandio, I., Laycock, R., & Chouinard, P. (November 2017). Subliminal visual processing of aversive stimuli during visual masking and continuous flash suppression. Abstract Book of the 7th Annual Meeting of the Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Society (p. 36). The University Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Subliminal visual / Visual masking / Continuous flash suppression (CFS)

Subliminal visual processing of aversive stimuli during visual masking and continuous flash suppression

Subliminal visual processing of aversive stimuli during visual masking and continuous flash suppression
File277 - Anger in the mind and body: From unconscious cognitive mechanisms to psychophysiological and neural substrates2023-04

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-277
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
277 - Anger in the mind and body: From unconscious cognitive mechanisms to psychophysiological and neural substrates
Duration: 2023-04
Researcher(s):
Liliana Capitão, Catherine Harmer, Stefan Van Duijvenboden, Marlene Nogueira, Anna Pelliet, Marieke Martens, Adriana Sampaio, Joana Coutinho, Susana Capela, Catarina Fagundes, Fátima Saraiva
Institution(s): Psychology Research Center - CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga (Portugal); Psychopharmacology and Emotion Research Laboratory, University of Oxford (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Language: eng
Notes:
Ongoing project
Author: Capitão, L.
Secondary author(s):
Harmer, C., van Duijvenboden, S., Nogueira, M., Pelliet, A., Martens, M., Sampaio, A., Coutinho, J.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Anger / Unconscious processing / Continuous flash suppression (CFS) / Psychophysiology
Document"Invisible Dangers": Unconscious processing of angry vs fearful faces and its relationship to subjective anger2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-277
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
277 - Anger in the mind and body: From unconscious cognitive mechanisms to psychophysiological and neural substrates
Duration: 2023-04
Researcher(s):
Liliana Capitão, Catherine Harmer, Stefan Van Duijvenboden, Marlene Nogueira, Anna Pelliet, Marieke Martens, Adriana Sampaio, Joana Coutinho, Susana Capela, Catarina Fagundes, Fátima Saraiva
Institution(s): Psychology Research Center - CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga (Portugal); Psychopharmacology and Emotion Research Laboratory, University of Oxford (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Language: eng
Notes:
Ongoing project
Author: Capitão, L.
Secondary author(s):
Harmer, C., van Duijvenboden, S., Nogueira, M., Pelliet, A., Martens, M., Sampaio, A., Coutinho, J.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Anger / Unconscious processing / Continuous flash suppression (CFS) / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-277.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
"Invisible Dangers": Unconscious processing of angry vs fearful faces and its relationship to subjective anger
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2025.103848
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Traditional paradigms for studying the unconscious processing of threatening facial expressions face methodological limitations and have predominantly focused on fear, leaving gaps in our understanding of anger. Additionally, it is unclear how the unconscious perception of anger influences subjective anger experiences. To address this, the current study employed Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS), a robust method for studying unconscious processing, to assess suppression times for angry, fearful and happy facial expressions. Following the administration of CFS, participants underwent an anger induction paradigm, and state anger symptoms were assessed at multiple timepoints. Suppression times for angry faces were compared to those for happy and fearful faces, and their relationship with state anger symptoms post-induction was examined. Results revealed that fearful faces broke suppression significantly faster than happy faces. Anger was slower to break suppression compared to fear, but no significant differences emerged between anger and happiness. In addition, the faster emergence into awareness of fear compared to anger was linked to an increased state anger after the induction, indicating that differences in the unconscious processing of these two emotions can potentially influence symptoms of subjective anger. These findings provide new insights into how angry and fearful faces are processed unconsciously, with implications for understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying subjective anger.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Pelliet, A.
Secondary author(s):
Nogueira, M., Fagundes, C., Capela, S., Saraiva, F., Pulcu, E., Harmer, C. J., Murphy, S. E., Capitão, L. P.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Pelliet, A., Nogueira, M., Fagundes, C., Capela, S., Saraiva, F., Pulcu, E., Harmer, C. J., Murphy, S. E., & Capitão, L. P. (2025). "Invisible Dangers": Unconscious processing of angry vs fearful faces and its relationship to subjective anger. Consciousness and Cognition, 130, 103848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2025.103848
2-year Impact Factor: 2|2024
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 1|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Anger / Anger induction / Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS) / Fear / Unconscious processing

"Invisible Dangers": Unconscious processing of angry vs fearful faces and its relationship to subjective anger

"Invisible Dangers": Unconscious processing of angry vs fearful faces and its relationship to subjective anger