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Final report - Analgesic properties of computer games

2013

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2010 Grants
    - 105 - Analgesic properties of computer games
      - Final report - Analgesic properties of computer games

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:	2010 Grants
Start date:	2011-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-105
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 4/2010
Title:	105 - Analgesic properties of computer games
Duration:	2011-09 - 2013-02
Researcher(s):	Stephen Fairclough, Helen Poole
Institution(s):	School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool (UK)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report Conference paper
Language:	eng
Author:	Fairclough, S.
Secondary author(s):	Poole, H.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Cognitive processes / Attention / Pain

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-105.01
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 4/2010
Title:	Final report - Analgesic properties of computer games
Publication year:	2013
URL:	http://www.bial.com/imagem/Bolsa105-10_03012014.pdf
Abstract/Results:	RESULTS: The concept of immersion describes a graded psychological experience that corresponds to the way in which we engage with tasks or stimuli. Selective attention is the psychological mechanism at the heart of an immersive experience. It is also known that selective attention may play an important role during the perception of pain, there is evidence that distraction from painful stimuli can increase pain tolerance. This convergence has led to a line of research where immersion in virtual tasks (e.g. computer games) is utilized for therapeutic purposes and pain relief. The first experiment adopted an Evoked Response Potential (ERP) methodology based on the auditory oddball paradigm. We developed a methodology where participants played a computer game whilst being exposed to a series of tones that were irrelevant to the game. Our participants were exposed to the oddball paradigm during several game conditions. The degree of demand experienced by participants was manipulated to yield easy, hard and impossible levels of difficulty. Participants experienced these three levels of difficulty on three display types: a small 5” display, a large TV display and a Head-Mounted Display (HMD. Our findings revealed that immersion was highest during hard/impossible levels of demand that increased the intrinsic motivation of the participant. However, we found no effect of display type on immersion. Our second experiment focused on the motivational aspects of immersion and we once again exposed our participants to easy, hard and impossible levels of demand. Instead of using an auditory oddball task to capture ERP modulation, participants were exposed to repeated painful stimuli based on contact heat applied to the forearm. The aim of this experiment was to investigate whether ERP responses to painful stimuli were modulated by the level of game demand. This experiment failed to reveal any statistically significant findings and there were a number of methodological issues that may have been responsible for this null finding.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Fairclough, S.
Secondary author(s):	Burns, C.
Document type:	Final report
Number of reproductions:	1
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Immersion / Selective attention / Pain / Games / Motivation / Auditory oddball paradigm / Event-related potential (ERP)
Final report - Analgesic properties of computer games

Document

Decomposing immersion: effects of game demand and display type on auditory evoked potentials

2013

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2010 Grants
    - 105 - Analgesic properties of computer games
      - Decomposing immersion: effects of game demand and display type on auditory evoked potentials

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:	2010 Grants
Start date:	2011-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-105
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 4/2010
Title:	105 - Analgesic properties of computer games
Duration:	2011-09 - 2013-02
Researcher(s):	Stephen Fairclough, Helen Poole
Institution(s):	School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool (UK)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report Conference paper
Language:	eng
Author:	Fairclough, S.
Secondary author(s):	Poole, H.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Cognitive processes / Attention / Pain

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-105.02
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 4/2010
Title:	Decomposing immersion: effects of game demand and display type on auditory evoked potentials
Publication year:	2013
URL:	http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2468552&dl=ACM&coll=DL&CFID=310359454&CFTOKEN=39253651
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Immersion is used to describe the degree of psychological engagement with a computer game. A study was performed to investigate the relative contribution of game demand (easy, hard, impossible) and display type (small 5 display, large TV display, head-mounted display) on the experience of immersion. Fifteen participants played a racing game in a range of conditions. Players' experience of immersion was captured via a subjective questionnaire and evoked cortical potentials to an auditory oddball task. Results indicated that slow wave potentials were sensitive to task demand, i.e. impossible demand reduced attention to the game. There was also a weak effect of display type at both frontal and central sites that was indicative of greater immersion for the large TV screen compared to other display types. This study provides preliminary data on the decomposition of immersion into sensory and cognitive components.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Fairclough, S.
Secondary author(s):	Burns, N.
Document type:	Conference paper
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Fairclough, S., & Burns, N. (2013). Decomposing immersion: effects of game demand and display type on auditory evoked potentials. In W. E. Mackay, S. Brewster, & S. Bødker (Eds.), CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI EA ’13 (pp. 1095-1100). New York, NY: ACM Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/2468356.2468552
Times cited:	N/A
Indexed document:	Yes
Keywords:	Immersion / Games / Event-related potential (ERP)
Decomposing immersion: effects of game demand and display type on auditory evoked potentials