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Final report - Predicting your decision while you make up your mind – an intracranial human study of the neural underpinning of decision making

2015

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2012 Grants
    - 209 - Predicting your decision while you make up your mind – an intracranial human study of the neural underpinning of decision making
      - Final report - Predicting your decision while you make up your mind – an intracranial human study of the neural underpinning of decision making

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2012
Location:	SEC PCA
Title:	2012 Grants
Start date:	2013-02

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2012-209
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 5/2012
Title:	209 - Predicting your decision while you make up your mind – an intracranial human study of the neural underpinning of decision making
Duration:	2013-05 - 2015-02
Researcher(s):	Uri Muz Maoz, Liad Mudrik, Ian Ross, Adam Mamelak, Ralph Adolphs
Institution(s):	California Institute of Technology, Pasadena and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report
Language:	eng
Author:	Maoz, U.
Secondary author(s):	Mudrik, L., Ross, I., Mamelak, A., Adolphs, R.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Brain structure and function / Cognitive processes / Decision-making

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2012-209.01
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 5/2012
Title:	Final report - Predicting your decision while you make up your mind – an intracranial human study of the neural underpinning of decision making
Publication year:	2015
URL:	https://www.bial.com/imagem/Grant20912.pdf
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Humans typically experience decisions like donating to charity or going on vacation as inherently up to them and thus entailing responsibility. However, recent results in neuroscience - Libet results - purportedly suggesting that predictive information about upcoming decisions exists in the brain well before subjects report deciding. Some have thus deduced that all decisions are made unconsciously and free will and moral responsibility are illusory. However, the above experiments typically focused on arbitrary decisions - bearing no meaning consequence or purpose - while the free will debate focuses on deliberate decisions. We worked with patients implanted with intracranial electrodes for clinical purposes and with EEG subjects to elucidate the neural precursors of arbitrary and deliberate decisions. In particular, we were interested in predicting action contents before action onset online and in real time. In a more philosophical vein, we also investigated the potential ethical and legal repercussions of the Libet results. We found that arbitrary decisions can be predicted earlier and at a higher accuracy than deliberate ones. In addition, the readiness potential, a precursor of movement on which much of the Libet paradigm relies, is much more apparent for arbitrary than deliberate decisions. We further demonstrated that, even at face value, the Libet results have little bearing on moral and criminal responsibility and debate their use in the “my brain made me do it” legal defence. We therefore conclude that, at least at this time, drawing strong conclusions from the Libet and similar experiments about lack of free will or moral responsibility is, at best, too hasty.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Maoz, U.
Document type:	Final report
Number of reproductions:	1
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Decision-making / Free will / Moral responsibility / Volition / Action prediction
Final report - Predicting your decision while you make up your mind – an intracranial human study of the neural underpinning of decision making

File

255 - Predictive coding of observed action in the brain - a 7T study

2017-02

2023-01

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2016 Grants
    - 255 - Predictive coding of observed action in the brain - a 7T study

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	2016 Grants
Start date:	2017-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-255
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	255 - Predictive coding of observed action in the brain - a 7T study
Duration:	2017-02 - 2023-01
Researcher(s):	Valeria Gazzola, Christian Keysers, Ritu Bhandari
Institution(s):	Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam (The Netherlands); Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Research Funding Agreement Progress report Final report Articles
Author:	Gazzola, V.
Secondary author(s):	Keysers, C., Bhandari, R.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Action prediction / Ultra-high field functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging / functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Mirror neuron system / Psychophysiology

Document

Boosting and decreasing action prediction abilities through excitatory and inhibitory tDCS of inferior frontal cortex

2018

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2016 Grants
    - 298 - Empowering feedback connections in temporo-occipital network to boost visual perception of emotions
      - Boosting and decreasing action prediction abilities through excitatory and inhibitory tDCS of inferior frontal cortex

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	2016 Grants
Start date:	2017-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-298
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	298 - Empowering feedback connections in temporo-occipital network to boost visual perception of emotions
Duration:	2017-09 - 2019-10
Researcher(s):	Sara Borgomaneri, Marco Zanon, Alessio Avenanti, Caterina Bertini
Institution(s):	Center for studies and research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena (Italy)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Research Funding Agreement Progress report Final Report Articles
Author:	Borgomaneri, S.
Secondary author(s):	Zanon, M., Avenanti, A., Bertini, C.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Emotion perception / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Cortical plasticity / Feedback connections / Psychophysiology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-298.09
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	Boosting and decreasing action prediction abilities through excitatory and inhibitory tDCS of inferior frontal cortex
Publication year:	2018
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Influential theories suggest that humans predict others’ upcoming actions by using their own motor system as an internal forward model. However, evidence that the motor system is causally essential for predicting others’ actions is meager. Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), we tested the role of the inferior frontal cortex (IFC), in action prediction (AP). We devised a novel AP task where participants observed the initial phases of right-hand reaching-to-grasp actions and had to predict their outcome (i.e., the goal/object to be grasped). We found that suppression by cathodal (inhibitory) tDCS of the left IFC, but not the left superior temporal sulcus or the right IFC, selectively impaired performance on the AP task, but not on a difficulty-matched control task. Remarkably, anodal (excitatory) tDCS of the left IFC brought about a selective improvement in the AP task. These findings indicate that the left IFC is necessary for predicting the outcomes of observed human right-hand actions. Crucially, our study shows for the first time that down- and up-regulating excitability within the motor system can hinder and enhance AP abilities, respectively. These findings support predictive coding theories of action perception and have implications for enhancement of AP abilities.
Language:	eng
Author:	Avenanti, A.
Secondary author(s):	Paracampo, R., Annella, L., Tidoni, E., Aglioti, S. M.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Avenanti, A., Paracampo, R., Annella, L., Tidoni, E., & Aglioti, S. M. (2018). Boosting and decreasing action prediction abilities through excitatory and inhibitory tDCS of inferior frontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 28(4), 1282-1296. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx041
2-year Impact Factor:	5.437\|2018
Times cited:	63\|2025-02-11
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q1
Keywords:	Action prediction / Inferior frontal cortex / Transcranial direct current stimulation / Action observation network / Neuroenhancement
Boosting and decreasing action prediction abilities through excitatory and inhibitory tDCS of inferior frontal cortex

Document

Primary motor cortex crucial for action prediction: A tDCS study

2018

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2016 Grants
    - 298 - Empowering feedback connections in temporo-occipital network to boost visual perception of emotions
      - Primary motor cortex crucial for action prediction: A tDCS study

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	2016 Grants
Start date:	2017-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-298
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	298 - Empowering feedback connections in temporo-occipital network to boost visual perception of emotions
Duration:	2017-09 - 2019-10
Researcher(s):	Sara Borgomaneri, Marco Zanon, Alessio Avenanti, Caterina Bertini
Institution(s):	Center for studies and research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena (Italy)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Research Funding Agreement Progress report Final Report Articles
Author:	Borgomaneri, S.
Secondary author(s):	Zanon, M., Avenanti, A., Bertini, C.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Emotion perception / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Cortical plasticity / Feedback connections / Psychophysiology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-298.10
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	Primary motor cortex crucial for action prediction: A tDCS study
Publication year:	2018
URL:	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010945218303186?via%3Dihub
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT The neural network underlying action observation - i.e., the action observation network - forms an anticipatory representation of observed actions. Although correlational studies suggest that the motor cortex (M1) might be involved in this anticipatory coding, it is unclear whether M1 is also causally essential for making accurate predictions about observed actions. To test the functional relevance of M1 to action prediction, we used offline monopolar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In four tDCS groups of healthy participants, we administered 15 min of anodal or cathodal constant currents of 1 or 2 mA over the left M1 before participants performed two tasks requiring them to make predictions about the outcomes of reaching-grasping human actions (Action Prediction - AP) or non-human movements (Non-human Prediction - NP). In each group, participants received sham and active tDCS in two separate sessions. We found that 2 mA cathodal tDCS (c-tDCS2mA) selectively impaired accuracy in the AP task, but not in the NP task. No change in performance was found following anodal or 1-mA tDCS protocols. Additionally, no change was found following c-tDCS2mA administered over a control site. These findings show task-, polarity-, intensity- and site-specific disruption of AP abilities following c-tDCS2mA over M1. Thus, our study establishes specific tDCS parameters for effective M1 stimulation in AP and highlights the functional relevance of the motor system to making accurate predictions about the outcomes of human actions.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Paracampo, R.
Secondary author(s):	Montemurro, M., de Vega, M., Avenanti, A.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Paracampo, R., Montemurro, M., de Vega, M., & Avenanti, A. (2018). Primary motor cortex crucial for action prediction: A tDCS study. Cortex, 109, 287-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2018.09.019
2-year Impact Factor:	4.275\|2018
Times cited:	19\|2025-02-11
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q1
Keywords:	Action observation network / Action prediction / Non-invasive brain stimulation / Primary motor cortex / Transcranial direct current stimulation

Document

Final report - Predictive coding of observed action in the brain - a 7T study

2021

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2016 Grants
    - 255 - Predictive coding of observed action in the brain - a 7T study
      - Final report - Predictive coding of observed action in the brain - a 7T study

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	2016 Grants
Start date:	2017-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-255
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	255 - Predictive coding of observed action in the brain - a 7T study
Duration:	2017-02 - 2023-01
Researcher(s):	Valeria Gazzola, Christian Keysers, Ritu Bhandari
Institution(s):	Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam (The Netherlands); Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Research Funding Agreement Progress report Final report Articles
Author:	Gazzola, V.
Secondary author(s):	Keysers, C., Bhandari, R.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Action prediction / Ultra-high field functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging / functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Mirror neuron system / Psychophysiology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-255.01
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	Final report - Predictive coding of observed action in the brain - a 7T study
Publication year:	2021
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND The network of brain regions recruited by observing goal-directed hand actions include the lateral occipital cortex, parietal region PFt and premotor region BA44. Traditional views emphasized a feed-forward architecture in which visual features are organized into increasingly complex representations that feed onto motor programs in parietal and premotor cortices where the matching of observed actions upon the observer's own motor programs contributes to action understanding. Predictive coding proposes that feed-back connections from premotor regions back to parietal and visual neurons represent predictions about upcoming actions and guide our view of the world around us. AIMS Leveraging the notion that feed-back connections target deeper cortical layers, we aim to test whether observing sequences of hand actions in their natural order, which permits participants to predict upcoming actions, triggers more feed-back input to parietal regions than seeing the same actions in a scrambled sequence that hinders making predictions. METHOD AND RESULTS We acquired data from nine subjects and using the novel combination of sub-millimetre fMRI acquisition at 7T and inter-subject correlation analysis strategy we demonstrate that our hypothesis is indeed true: predictable compared to unpredictable sequences triggers more action-related activity in deep layers of PFt. Inter-subject functional connectivity analysis suggests that these originate from BA44. CONCLUSIONS This data showcases the utility of inter-subject functional correlation in combination with 7T MRI to explore the architecture of social cognition under more naturalistic conditions, and provides evidence for models that emphasize the importance of feed-back connections in action prediction.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Gazzola, V.
Secondary author(s):	Keysers, C., Bhandari, R.
Document type:	Final report
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Gazzola, V., Keysers, C., & Bhandari, R. (2021). Final report - Predictive coding of observed action in the brain - a 7T study.
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Action prediction / Predictive coding / Laminar fMRI / Inter-subject functional correlation / Inter-subject functional connectivity
Final report - Predictive coding of observed action in the brain - a 7T study